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========== The idea that our planet’s continents drift
around the globe, periodically glomming togetherand breaking apart, is at least 200 years
old. But most geologists didn’t believeit until the 1960’s, when mounting evidence
made it clear that the Earth’s crust isbroken up into fragments, and that those fragments,
called tectonic plates, are moving. And thesedays we directly track that motion – with
millimeter precision – from space.The common, simplified explanation for why
tectonic plates are moving is that they’recarried along on currents in the upper mantle,
the slowly flowing layer of rock just belowEarth’s crust. Converging currents drive
plates into each other; diverging currentspull them apart.This is mostly true; hot mantle rock rises
from the core and mov...