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========== On June 7, 1692, the Jamaican city of Port
Royal, a notorious pirate haven, sank into its own harbor. This disaster (or blessing,
depending on who you ask) was caused by liquefaction of the ground following a major earthquake,
and we know it happened at exactly 11:43 am thanks to a pocketwatch that went down along
with two thirds of the town and over 2000 people. Liquefaction happens when waterlogged, loose
soil (we call it "sand") turns into quicksand - temporarily. If you look closely at sand,
you'll realize that it's actually comprised of tons of tiny rocks, and their roundness
and roughly uniform size mean there's space between them that can get filled by water.
When we step on saturated sand at the water's edge, it's fair...